Knee Osteoarthritis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Knee osteoarthritis is a common joint problem, especially among older adults. In the United States, millions of people live with this condition. Knee osteoarthritis happens when the cartilage in your knee wears down over time. As a result, you may feel pain, stiffness, or swelling. Understanding knee osteoarthritis can help you find relief and improve your quality of life.

What is Knee Osteoarthritis?

Knee osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that affects the knee joint. Over time, the smooth cartilage that covers the ends of your bones breaks down. Because of this, bones may rub against each other. This can cause pain and swelling. In many cases, knee osteoarthritis develops slowly. However, symptoms can get worse over time.

Common Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis

People with knee osteoarthritis often notice certain signs. Early symptoms may be mild, but they can become more severe. For example, you might feel pain after walking or climbing stairs. Other common symptoms include:

Stiffness in the knee, especially in the morning or after resting

Swelling around the knee joint

Cracking or popping sounds when moving the knee

Reduced range of motion

Weakness or feeling that the knee may give way

Sometimes, symptoms can flare up after activity. On the other hand, resting may help ease discomfort.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can lead to knee osteoarthritis. Age is a major risk, as cartilage wears down over time. But other causes and risk factors include:

Previous knee injuries

Being overweight or obese

Family history of osteoarthritis

Repeated stress on the knee from work or sports

Weak muscles around the knee

Additionally, women are more likely than men to develop knee osteoarthritis. According to the CDC, this condition is one of the leading causes of disability in older adults.

How is Knee Osteoarthritis Diagnosed?

If you have knee pain, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may examine your knee for swelling, tenderness, or movement problems. Often, doctors use X-rays to look for changes in the joint. Sometimes, an MRI may be needed to see soft tissues. Blood tests are not usually needed, but they can help rule out other causes of knee pain.

Treatment Options

There are many osteoarthritis treatment options to help manage knee pain. Your doctor may suggest:

Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen

Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve movement

Weight loss to reduce stress on the knee

Supportive devices like knee braces or shoe inserts

In some cases, injections or surgery may be needed

Because each person is different, your treatment plan should fit your needs. Always talk to your doctor before starting any new treatment.

Lifestyle Tips for Managing Knee Osteoarthritis

Managing knee osteoarthritis at home can make a big difference. Here are some helpful tips:

Stay active with low-impact exercises, such as walking, swimming, or cycling

Use heat or cold packs to ease pain and swelling

Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on your knees

Wear comfortable, supportive shoes

Take breaks and avoid activities that cause pain

With these steps, you can help control symptoms and improve your daily life.

Prevention Strategies

While you cannot always prevent knee osteoarthritis, you can lower your risk. For example, you can:

Keep a healthy weight

Exercise regularly to keep your joints flexible

Protect your knees from injury by using proper techniques during sports or work

Strengthen the muscles around your knees

Even small changes can help protect your knee joints over time.

If you have knee pain or think you may have knee osteoarthritis, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice. Early care can help you manage symptoms and stay active.